Wheat Industry Of India – A Brief Overview
The wheat industry in India is a major contributor to the country's economy. The Indian wheat industry is primarily based on four crops—winter and spring varieties of durum and common wheat, which are grown during autumn and winter seasons respectively.
The total production of wheat in India stands at around 69 million tonnes, which accounts for over 15% of the world’s total production of 1 billion tonnes per annum. The most important regions for wheat cultivation are Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. These states together account for more than 90% of the total production of wheat in India.
India is the world’s largest producer of rice as well as pulses like lentils (dal). However, it is also one of the leading producers of wheat and accounts for about 16% of global output. Wheat is cultivated in all parts of India except Tamil Nadu and Kerala where there are no proper soils for cultivating this crop. Wheat is generally grown between March and May with monsoon rains providing moisture for germination and growth during this period.
Wheat Production in India
Wheat is the most important food grain in India.. It is a staple food for more than 60% of the population. Bulk Wheat is cultivated over an area of about 44 million hectares in India. Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are the major wheat producing states. Punjab accounts for about 45 percent share in total wheat production followed by UP (22%) and Haryana (11%).
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, wheat production in India stood at 106.1 million tonnes during the year 2019-2020. The major states contributing to wheat production are Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Wheat Export From India
Wheat export from India is expected to be around 17 million tonnes in 2020-2021. This is a good sign as it shows that the government has been able to increase the production of wheat in a short span of time. Wheat prices have also gone down and this has helped the farmers to produce more output.
The country has also been successful in increasing its exports. India has exported around 10 million tonnes of wheat in 2020-2021 which is an increase of 5% as compared to last year.
In 2020-2021, Indian farmers will produce around 120 million tonnes of wheat which is an increase of 7% as compared to last year’s production level. The government has been providing subsidies to farmers so that they are able to produce more crops at affordable prices for consumers.
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